Concrete Piers for Decks

Concrete Piers for Decks

Concrete piers are a fundamental part of deck construction. They provide a solid foundation to support the weight and structure of the deck. Using concrete piers ensures durability and stability, which is crucial for the safety and longevity of the deck. Let’s explore the essentials of installing concrete piers, their benefits, and the steps involved.

What Are Concrete Piers?

Concrete piers, also known as deck footings, are vertical columns made of concrete that transfer the load from the deck down to the ground. They prevent the deck from sinking and shifting by distributing the weight evenly. Different sizes and designs are available, but all serve the same purpose.

Benefits of Using Concrete Piers

Using concrete piers has numerous advantages. They offer a stable and strong foundation that can withstand various weather conditions. Concrete is resistant to moisture, pests, and decay. This makes it an ideal material for outdoor structures like decks. Additionally, installing concrete piers helps in maintaining a level deck surface over time.

Types of Concrete Piers

There are several types of concrete piers used in deck construction:

• Precast Concrete Piers: These are factory-made and delivered to the site. They offer consistency in quality and come in various shapes and sizes.
• Cast-In-Place Piers: These piers are constructed on-site using concrete poured into forms. They provide flexibility in design and can be customized to the specific needs of the deck.
• Helical Piers: These are screw-like piers driven into the ground. They are often used when soil conditions are challenging. Helical piers provide excellent stability and can be installed quickly.

Tools and Materials Needed

Before starting the installation, gather all necessary tools and materials. You’ll need:

• Concrete mix or ready-made concrete
• Shovel or post hole digger
• Forms for shaping the piers (cardboard tubes or wooden forms)
• Level
• Rebar for reinforcement
• Water source (hose or bucket)
• Work gloves and safety goggles

Steps to Install Concrete Piers

1. Planning and Layout

Start by planning the layout of your deck. Determine the locations for the piers based on the deck’s design. Mark these spots using stakes and string lines. Ensure that the spacing between the piers is appropriate for the size and load of the deck.

2. Digging Holes

Use a shovel or post hole digger to dig holes at the marked spots. The depth and diameter of the holes depend on local building codes and the deck’s requirements. Generally, holes should be at least 2-3 feet deep to reach below the frost line and about 12 inches wide.

3. Preparing Forms

Place forms into the holes to shape the piers. Cardboard tubes are commonly used for this purpose. Cut the tubes to the desired length, ensuring they extend slightly above the ground level. This will create a neat and uniform appearance for the piers.

4. Adding Reinforcement

Insert rebar into the forms to reinforce the concrete. This step is crucial for the piers’ strength and longevity. The rebar should be centered in the form and extend from the bottom to a few inches below the top.

5. Pouring Concrete

Mix the concrete according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Pour the concrete into the forms, filling them up completely. Use a shovel or piece of wood to tamp down the concrete and eliminate air pockets. Smooth the top surface with a trowel.

6. Setting and Curing

Allow the concrete to set and cure for at least 24-48 hours. Cover the top of the forms with plastic sheeting or a damp cloth to retain moisture and aid in the curing process. Curing time may vary based on weather conditions and the type of concrete used.

7. Removing Forms

Once the concrete has cured, carefully remove the forms from around the piers. The piers should be solid and ready to support the deck structure. Check each pier for levelness and make any necessary adjustments before proceeding with the deck construction.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Several common mistakes can occur during the installation of concrete piers. Avoiding these will ensure a successful project:

• Skipping the planning stage. Proper planning is crucial for the correct positioning and spacing of the piers.
• Not digging deep enough. Ensure that holes are deep enough to reach below the frost line, preventing movement during freeze-thaw cycles.
• Neglecting rebar. Reinforcement with rebar significantly enhances the strength of the piers.
• Inadequate curing. Allow the concrete ample time to cure properly. Rushing this step can compromise the integrity of the piers.

Building Codes and Permits

Always check local building codes and regulations before starting construction. Many areas require permits for deck building. Codes dictate the size, depth, and spacing of the concrete piers, ensuring safety and structural integrity. Failing to adhere to these codes can result in fines or mandated changes to the construction.

Conclusion

Concrete piers play a vital role in creating a sturdy and long-lasting deck. Using them correctly involves careful planning, precise execution, and adherence to building codes. By understanding the types of piers available, gathering the necessary materials, and following the installation steps, you can build a deck foundation that stands the test of time.

Whether you’re a seasoned builder or a DIY enthusiast, knowing how to install concrete piers is a valuable skill. Invest the time and effort to do it right, and your deck will provide enjoyment and comfort for years to come.