Header Beams in Construction
Header sizing has gotten complicated with all the span tables, load calculations, and material options flying around. As someone who has installed headers in every framing situation, I learned everything there is to know about proper support over openings. Today, I will share it all with you.
What Headers Do
Probably should have led with this section, honestly—header beams transfer loads above openings (doors, windows) to adjacent studs and down to the foundation.
Why They Matter
That’s what makes proper header sizing endearing to us framers:
- Support roof and floor loads
- Maintain structural integrity
- Prevent sagging above openings
- Transfer loads around openings
Common Header Types
- Solid Lumber: Traditional doubled-up 2x material
- LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber): Engineered for longer spans
- Built-up Headers: Multiple pieces sandwiched together
Sizing Factors
- Opening width (span)
- Loads above (floors, roof)
- Bearing vs. non-bearing walls
- Species and grade of lumber
Installation
- Calculate required header size from span tables
- Cut king and trimmer studs
- Install header between king studs
- Support with trimmer studs below
- Add cripple studs above if needed
