Understanding Deck Joist Span Requirements
Deck joist span calculations have gotten complicated with all the lumber options, spacing variations, and load requirements flying around. As someone who has framed decks of every size, I learned everything there is to know about getting joist spans right. Today, I will share it all with you.
What Joists Do
Probably should have led with this section, honestly—joists are the horizontal members that support your decking boards. They run between beams or ledger boards and determine how strong your deck surface will be.
Factors Affecting Span
That’s what makes span selection endearing to us structural-minded builders—multiple factors interact:
- Lumber Type: Southern Pine spans further than Hem-Fir due to greater strength
- Joist Size: 2×6, 2×8, 2×10, and 2×12—larger means longer spans
- Spacing: Closer spacing (12″ vs 16″ vs 24″) allows longer spans
- Load: Live loads (people, furniture) plus dead loads (deck weight)
Sample Span Values
For standard residential loads (40 psf live, 10 psf dead):
- 2×6 at 16″ OC: Approximately 9 feet
- 2×8 at 16″ OC: Approximately 11 feet
- 2×10 at 16″ OC: Approximately 13.5 feet
- 2×12 at 16″ OC: Approximately 16 feet
Using Span Charts
- Identify your lumber type
- Select joist size
- Determine spacing
- Find maximum span at intersection
- Choose slightly shorter than maximum for safety margin
Special Considerations
- Overhangs: Cantilever should not exceed one-fourth the joist span
- Sistering: Two joists side-by-side double the strength
- Blocking: Adds stability and prevents twisting
- Local codes: May have stricter requirements
