Header Beams in Construction

Header sizing has become tricky with all the span tables, load calculations, and material options flying around. As someone who has installed headers in every framing situation, I picked up the practical knowledge of proper support over openings. Today, I will share it all with you.

What Headers Do

Probably should have led with this topic, to be honest—header beams transfer loads above openings (doors, windows) to adjacent studs and down to the foundation.

Why They Matter

That’s what makes proper header sizing endearing to us framers:

• Support roof and floor loads
• Maintain structural integrity
• Prevent sagging above openings
• Transfer loads around openings

Common Header Types

• Solid Lumber: Traditional doubled-up 2x material
• LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber): Engineered for longer spans
• Built-up Headers: Multiple pieces sandwiched together

Sizing Factors

• Opening width (span)
• Loads above (floors, roof)
• Bearing vs. non-bearing walls
• Species and grade of lumber

Installation

1. Calculate required header size from span tables
2. Cut king and trimmer studs
3. Install header between king studs
4. Support with trimmer studs below
5. Add cripple studs above if needed